Ovarian cancer screening: Current status and future directions

Ovarian cancer is the third most common gynaecological malignancy and the most lethal worldwide. Most patients are diagnosed with advanced disease which carries significant mortality. Improvements in treatment have only resulted in modest increases in survival. This has driven efforts to reduce mortality through screening. Multimodal ovarian cancer screening using a longitudinal CA125 algorithm has resulted in diagnosis at an earlier stage, both in average and high risk women in two large UK trials. However, no randomised controlled trial has demonstrated a definitive mortality benefit. Extended follow up is underway in the largest trial to date, UKCTOCS, to explore the delayed reduction in mortality that was noted. Meanwhile, screening is not currently recommended in the general population Some countries offer surveillance of high risk women. Novel screening modalities and longitudinal biomarker algorithms offer potential improvements to future screening strategies as does the development of better risk stratification tools.     

急性心力衰竭代偿期患者早期康复活动方案的构建及应用效果

目的 构建急性心力衰竭代偿期患者四阶梯式早期康复活动方案并评价其效果,以期为急性心力衰竭代偿期患者开展早期康复活动提供参考。方法 成立早期康复活动研究团队、在文献检索及半结构化访谈后形成急性心力衰竭代偿期患者四阶梯式早期康复活动的初步方案,经过专家论证后形成最终方案。采用方便抽样法选择2017年4月—2019年6月在北京市某三级甲等医院CCU住院的急性心力衰竭代偿期患者200例为研究对象,试验组与对照组各100例,试验组采用四阶梯式早期康复活动方案,对照组采用常规活动方案。采用明尼苏达生活质量量表、6 min步行试验、住院时间、第1秒用力呼气量、脑利纳肽水平等作为监测指标。结果 试验组明尼苏达生活质量得分（52.64±5.60）分,低于对照组（56.89±6.59）分（t=-4.877,P< 0.001）;试验组6 min步行试验距离（279.86±84.66） m,优于对照组（248.78±93.73） m（t=2.441,P=0.016）;试验组CCU住院时间（8.97±2.80） d,少于对照组（10.48±3.80） d（t=-3.182,P=0.002）;试验组第1秒用力呼气量（2.18±0.49） L,高于对照组（1.92±0.35） L（t=4.338,P< 0.001）;试验组脑利纳肽水平（697.88±135.58） pg/ml,低于对照组（755.29±141.74） pg/ml（t=-2.905,P=0.004）。结论 四阶梯式早期康复活动方案根据患者的心功能制订了个体化的活动策略,通过团队管理的手段保障其早期活动的安全性,能够切实提高急性心力衰竭患者的生活质量、促进患者心肺功能的快速康复、缩短住院时间。     

Utility of INR For Prediction of Delayed Intracranial Hemorrhage Among Warfarin Users with Head Injury

BackgroundIncidence of delayed intracranial hemorrhage (DICH) in patients on warfarin has been controversial. No previous literature has reported the utility of international normalized ratio (INR) in predicting traumatic DICH.ObjectivesUtilizing INR to risk stratify head trauma patients who may be managed without repeat imaging.MethodsThis was a retrospective study at a Level II trauma center. All patients on warfarin with head injuries from March 2014 to December 31, 2017 were included. Each patient underwent an initial head computed tomography scan (HCT) and subsequent repeat HCT 12 h after. Patients presenting > 12 h after head injury received only one HCT. Two blinded neuroradiologists reviewed each case of DICH. Statistical analysis evaluated Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), age, and platelet count.ResultsThere were 395 patients who qualified for the protocol; 238 were female. Average age was 79 years. Seventy-seven percent of patients underwent repeat HCT. Five resulted in DICH (INR 2.6–3.0), three of which might have been present on initial HCT; incidence rate of 0.51–1.27%. One patient required neurosurgical intervention. Among 80 patients with INR < 2, no DICH was identified, resulting in high sensitivity, but with a wide confidence interval; sensitivity of 100% (95% confidence interval [CI] 47.8–100), specificity 21% (95% CI 16.6–28.9). Correlation of factors: ISS (p = 0.039), GCS (p = 0.978), HR (p = 0.601), SBP (p = 0.198), age (p = 0.014), and platelets (p = 0.281).ConclusionNo patient with INR < 2 suffered DICH, suggesting that warfarin users presenting with INR < 2 may be managed without repeat HCT. For INR > 2, patients age and injury severity can be used for shared decision-making to discharge home with standard head injury precautions and no repeat HCT.     

原发性肝癌患者手术切除术后早期复发影响因素分析

目的:探究原发性肝癌患者手术切除术后早期复发影响因素分析。方法:对广州市番禺区中医院2017年2月-2019年2月收治的原发性肝癌患者98例进行回顾性分析,依据各项临床指标分析手术切除术后早期复发的影响因素。结果:原发性肝癌患者经由手术切除后出现复发的可能性较高,同时手术切缘有残留、包膜不完整、肿瘤结节、心理因素、甲胎蛋白、血管侵犯、肝硬化及肿瘤直径等均是影响原发性肝癌手术期后再复发的高危因素。结论:原发性肝癌通常具有术后复发的生物学特性,依据对手术切除术之后早期复发因素的分析,对手术风险与治疗方案进行充分评估,同时要求患者进行定期复查及随访等工作,可对患者手术成功以及并发症的防治等均具有积极意义。     

2018—2019年度河北省城市结直肠癌筛查结果分析CSCD

目的分析2018—2019年河北省城市癌症早诊早治项目结直肠癌筛查结果。方法按照河北省城市癌症早诊早治中结直肠癌筛查流程,在石家庄市和唐山市选定社区中年龄40~74岁的当地居民,通过问卷调查后采用国家统一评估模型评估出高危人群,进一步通过结肠镜检查,发现早期结直肠病变,必要时通过病理进行确诊。结果 2018—2019年度,河北省城癌项目共计37849人完成结直肠癌危险因素问卷调查,评估结直肠癌高危人群6938例,总体高危率为18.33%。其中共有1230人参加了结肠镜检查,并完成病理检查465例(37.80%)。进行病理诊断者年龄主要分布在50~64岁。经结肠镜检查及病理诊断,共检出6例(0.49%)结直肠癌患者,其中结肠癌4例(0.33%)、直肠癌2例(0.16%)。结直肠癌癌前病变190例(15.45%),非进展期腺瘤/息肉250例(20.33%),炎性反应性肠道疾病168例(13.66%)。结论开展人群结肠镜筛查可以有效检出结直肠癌和癌前病变,实现结直肠癌的早期发现、早期诊断和早期干预。     

益气逐瘀方治疗早期脊髓型颈椎病临床研究

目的:观察益气逐瘀方治疗早期脊髓型颈椎病的临床疗效。方法:选取40例早期脊髓型颈椎病患者为研究对象,按照区组随机化方法分为对照组和治疗组,每组20例。对照组给予美洛昔康片、盐酸乙哌立松片治疗,治疗组给予益气逐瘀方治疗。对比观察2组患者治疗前后日本骨科协会(JOA)颈椎病评分和视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分,采用富田庄司提出的方法检测颈椎突出物吸收率和突出率。结果:2组JOA颈椎病评分在治疗2周、3个月、6个月后与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗3个月、6个月JOA颈椎病评分均高于同期对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组VAS评分在治疗2周、3个月、6个月后与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗3个月、6个月VAS评分均低于同期对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,治疗组颈椎间盘突出率较治疗前减小,对照组颈椎间盘突出率较治疗前增大,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组颈椎间盘突出物吸收率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:益气逐瘀方能有效缓解早期脊髓型颈椎病患者的颈痛症状,延缓病情进展,具有更好的远期疗效。     

实体化创伤中心建设提升严重创伤救治能力

为明确实体化创伤中心建设对提升严重创伤救治能力的作用,笔者以兴义市创伤中心实体化建设后所取得的初步成效,从院内多学科团队建设及核心能力维护、创伤救治流程优化、创伤时间节点质量控制与持续改进等方面进行介绍,为实体化创伤中心建设提供借鉴和参考。